Gayle Edelstein, Psychological Sciences

Current Research:  My current research focuses on drug development studies using animal models of effort-based choice. This includes assessing the effects of the dopamine (DA) D3 partial agonist, aripiprazole, on effort-based choice
tasks in male and female rats and in mice. DA D3 partial agonists have become a central focus in studies targeting multiple psychiatric disorders, and aripiprazole is being tested for its ability to reverse the effort- related effects of tetrabenazine (TBZ) and increase selection of high effort actions. I also have been testing drugs that have actions on various monoamine transporters (serotonin transporter, SERT; norepinephrine transporter, NET; DA transporter, DAT), and assessing their abilities to reverse the effort-related effects of TBZ. My results show that drugs with the highest affinity for DAT and NET are the most effective in reversing the effort-related motivational effects of TBZ. Compounds with the highest affinity for SERT ineffective, consistent with clinical studies illustrating the limitations of SERT inhibitors for the treatment of depression. In parallel, I am conducting neurochemical studies with microdialysis to compare the extracellular levels of
the monoamines after injections of these drugs. This line of research crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries, blending methods and scholarly activity from multiple fields (i.e., psychiatry, behavioral/cognitive sciences, neurochemistry), with the ultimate goal of developing novel treatments.

Meara Geraty, Psychological Sciences

Current Research:  I will investigate the physiological and psychological effects of collective political events and how attending such events impacts group cohesion, support for violence, sense of meaning and belonging, and political attitudes. The project will have important implications for issues of political polarization and politically-motivated violence by helping us understand the role of high-arousal collective events in fomenting support for violence or violent behavior, such as that that occurred on January 6, 2021. It will also explore what draws individuals to these collective events in the first place, specifically by investigating whether attendance facilitates a sense of belonging or meaning. The research will combine classical anthropological theory, political science, psychology, and cognitive science. We will gather physiological measures and survey data in a naturalistic field setting, bringing psychological methods to bear on anthropological theories, and doing so in a context which has never been examined in this way: political events. My coursework at UConn in anthropological and sociological theory, non-linear dynamical processes, cognitive science, and statistics has and will continue to prepare me for this project by giving me the theoretical and methodologies tools necessary for such interdisciplinary research.

Michael Lehane, Pharmacy

Current Research: Although we have shown that (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine attenuates withdrawal-like behaviors, the brain regions and cell types that mediate the therapeutic response of HNK during opioid withdrawal remain unknown. Further, it is unclear if HNK produces a unique effect on neural activity compared to ketamine during opioid withdrawal. To address this knowledge gap, I am measuring brain c-Fos expression (a marker of neural plasticity) in oxycodone-dependent mice treated with saline, HNK, or ketamine prior to precipitated withdrawal. I hypothesize that brain regions in the extended amygdala (central amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)) will be significantly affected by HNK and ketamine. In my preliminary data, I have found that HNK and ketamine decreased c-Fos expression in the oval nucleus of the BNST and periaqueductal gray, while no changes were observed in the central amygdala. In ongoing experiments, I am analyzing c-Fos expression in other brain regions and subregions associated with OUD and withdrawal.

Antonio Reck, Psychological Sciences

Current Research:  I am analyzing data from follow-up studies to my master’s thesis project, which I will submit for publication within the next month. The thesis focuses on the anti-pruritic, or itch-reducing, properties of cannabinoids and the underlying mechanisms. I have taken a behavioral pharmacology-based approach to systematically determine compounds effective at reducing experimentally-induced scratching, without psychotropic cannabimimetic side effects. I am also using my prior knowledge of programming, with the assistance of our collaborator Dr. David Siderovski, to develop an automated tracking system for mouse scratching. My dissertation research will build on my recent discovery that regulators of signaling proteins (RGS) mediate the development of surgically-induced neuropathic pain. Using an in-house bred mouseline of RGS12 constitutive deficiency, I aim to characterize differences in nociception and neuropathic pain
development following nerve injury compared to wildtype mice. Additionally, KOR agonists will be used to determine if RGS12 loss has altered KOR sensitivity. I will use my background in animal behavior, coupled with the training I’ve received at UConn in pharmacology, molecular biology, and data analysis, to further characterize the underlying mechanisms of these pain conditions. Support from IBACS will give me the opportunity to receive training in cell culture,
Western blotting, and other biochemical techniques that will aid in my dissertation research.

Naomi Sellers, Psychological Sciences

Current Research:  My current work is a continuation of the study I presented at Psychonomics. I am digging into how the effect of sentence predictability differs across individuals as there are wide variations in the behavioral (probe word response) data and pupil dilation data that seem to be related in interesting ways. We also have explicit prediction data from these participants that I want to use to characterize participants as high or low context users based off the types of predictions they make, how semantically similar they are to the actual word, and how similar they are to the average responses. If there is a distinction between high and low context users, I would want to see if high context users also demonstrate larger sentence predictability effects on probe word accuracy and on pupil dilations compared to low context users. This work connects work in the speech sciences and psycholinguistic domains most. This work additionally connects to the clinical domain where researchers have been examining of the effects noise has on speech processing, particularly for older adults and people with hearing loss. Moreover, I want to look at the effects of sentence predictability in individuals with aphasia by collaborating with those in the SLHS department, extending its interdisciplinary nature.

Afshin Seyednejad, Pharmacy

Current Research:  Cocaine use causes persistent neuroadaptive changes that are mediated, in part, by epigenetic factors. While much research has focused on the roles of post-translational modifications in substance use disorder (SUD) models, RNA modifications have received little attention. Over 170 RNA post-transcriptional modifications (rPTMs) exist, impacting stability, localization, and abundance of RNA. Antibody-based methods have been used to link rPTMs to SUD, but these methods are indirect and prone to nonspecific
binding. Mass spectrometry (MS), while direct and comprehensive, has not been applied in SUD models. Recently, Dr. Fabris developed a novel MS-based approach for mapping rPTMs. Our newly generated data shows that multiple rPTMs are altered in a sex-dependent manner in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) 24 h after repeated but not acute cocaine administration. Expanding on these results, we propose to identify cocaine-induced rPTMs in NAc and dorsal striatum (DS) and at multiple timepoints (2 h, 24 h, and 7 d) following acute and repeated cocaine injections and following intravenous cocaine self-administration. Also, to explore receptor signaling cascades involved in cocaine- induced plasticity, we aim to stimulate dopamine receptor subtypes, AMPA receptors, or TrkB receptors in primary neurons and measure time-dependent rPTMs changes. The data will reveal the rPTMs with the
most significant temporal variations, warranting further mechanistic insight by a full-fledged R01 grant.

Emma Wing, Psychological Sciences

Current Research:  Typicality is a dominating factor in psycholinguistic research which, based on my prior offline experiments, appears to be influenced by phrase type (VP/TP/CP). My current project uses an online measure, eye tracking in the Visual World Paradigm, to examine the effect of linguistic structure on typical object concepts during processing. Linguists more often test offline effects, whereas psycholinguists test online effects. Thus, examining the relation between offline and online effects of phrase type on typicality effects will support bridging the divide between the fields. Typicality effects have a strong influence on conceptual representations activated during processing. For example, when reading the word CHAIR, the default concept activated is a typical chair: intact, perhaps wooden with a high back. My findings suggest phrase type (VP/TP/CP) determines the extent to which typical object features are activated during processing: morphemes in VP have a wider range of effects on typical object features than TP, from defaulting to only typical object features to exclusively activating atypical object features. This project aims to test at which point in the sentence particular morphemes reduce typicality effects and to what extent. I will track participants’ eye movements while they view images of objects in more and less typical states and hear sentences manipulating VP, TP, and CP morphemes. This work will map out interactions that are crucial for my proposed research.

Alev Ecevitoglu, Psychological Sciences

Current Research: The vast majority of rodent studies on effort-based choice have been conducted in males; however, women are more likely to develop depression than men. Thus, the current study focuses on finding novel treatments by taking a multidisciplinary approach (behavioral and neurochemical) to determine if novel atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors can improve motivational dysfunction in female rats. Behavioral assessment of atypical DAT inhibitors: Effort-related motivational functions in female rats. Two novel DAT inhibitors from the NIDA laboratory of Dr. Amy Newman (JJC8-089 and RDS3-094) will be assessed in tests of effort-based decision making using: a) reversal of tetrabenazine-induced low-effort bias as assessed using the concurrent fixed ratio (FR) 5/chow feeding choice task, b) selection of high-effort lever pressing using the concurrent progressive ratio/chow feeding choice task after acute and repeated injections in females. It is hypothesized that both of these compounds will increase the exertion of effort. Pharmacodynamic characterization of the atypical DAT inhibitors in female rats: Microdialysis and pDARPP-32 expression. These compounds will also be tested for their neurochemical effects on nucleus accumbens DA transmission, using microdialysis, and expression of pDARPP-32(Thr34) to provide pre-and postsynaptic measures of DA transmission. It is hypothesized that both compounds will increase extracellular DA and pDARPP-32(Thr34) expression.

Jie Luo, Psychological Sciences

Current Research: My research interests intersect cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychopathology, and translational work in education. My current meta-analysis project, which is part of my Master’s is motivated by the following: (1) While past studies have conducted reviews of EWB neuroimaging studies to find the neural components of EWB, they are primarily qualitative reviews and not quantitative analysis, which may induce investigator bias. (2) EWB is closely associated with outcomes of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. By identifying neural components of EWB, we may ultimately understand brain-based phenotypes for predicting and optimizing the outcome of some neuropsychiatric disorders. In my current project and as part of my Master’s project, I plan to go beyond synthesis of the results and the current subjective definition of EWB based on prior observations, and develop a neurally-inspired theory of EWB. My Master's thesis committee includes: Prof. Crystal Park who specializes in clinical psychology, EWB and mind-body interventions, and Prof. Roeland Hancock whose expertise is in cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging meta-analysis. I have proposed my Master’s project and it has been approved. Two trained individuals independently screened, coded, and quality assessed each paper included in this meta-analysis. I am preparing to submit an abstract for the Association for Psychological Sciences Annual Conference (Washington DC, May 25 28, 2023) based on this work.

Jairo Orea, Physiology and Neurobiology

Current Research: Literature reports an understudied short latency circuit directly inputting MGm from the cochlear nucleus. To begin elucidating this non-cannonical circuit, we performed a preliminary set of injections with a reliable retrograde tracer injected in MGm and observed retrograde labeled cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and more densely in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). The current literature has only studied them with. anterograde or bidirectional tracers in rat. Therefore, we are now carefully mapping them to create the first set of comprehensively mapped retrograde tracer injections from MGm to the cochlear nucleus. I am continuing to conduct injections to provide more detailed mapping of the cochlear inputs into MGm. Determining these connections will allows us to link this circuit to the fear learning circuitry via genetic Cre-recombinase mediated transsynaptic viral tracing. Our preliminary transsynaptic tracing experiments in the MGB and auditory cortex showed transsynaptic transport and in doing so began delineating the challenges that this emerging technique may bring. It additionally sets novel precedent for a possible transsynaptic circuit from MGm/PIN to cortical cells that project directly to the lateral amygdala We have planned experiments to elucidate this circuit using cutting edge microscopic serial multiplexing technologies to improve single cell characterization and allowing synaptic verification at the electron microscope level.

Aleksandra Rusowicz, Psychological Sciences

Current Research: Continuing my interdisciplinary research in psychology and political science, I am currently working with Dr. Pratto and my secondary advisor, School of Nursing Professor Dr. Natalie Shook, to study prejudice and 2020 vote choice. Dr. Shook previously associated sexism, modern racism, and nationalism with 2016 presidential vote choice (Shook et al., 2020). She has since surveyed a large representative sample at multiple timepoints before and after the 2020 presidential election. We seek to replicate her 2016 findings and expand the study by considering the influence of social dominance orientation (SDO), right wing authoritarianism (RWA; Altemeyer, 1981), and disgust sensitivity on vote choice. I also plan to employ electroencephalography (EEG) to replicate Dr. Shook’s study of biased visual attention (Oosterhoff et al., 2018), which illustrated a positive relationship between disgust sensitivity and social conservatism. Neurophysiological studies have linked neural responses to disgust-inducing stimuli and political ideology (Smith et al., 2011; Ahn et al., 2014). I look to extend this research by grounding findings in social psychology theory (e.g., SDO, RWA) and measuring explicit prejudiced attitudes (e.g., sexism, modern racism). By leveraging my advisors’ theoretical and methodological expertise and my own background in neuroimaging, I aim to conduct a comprehensive interdisciplinary investigation of neurocognitive processes underlying prejudiced political attitudes.

Mohammadamin Saraei, Psychological Sciences

Current Research: Previous research has documented the synchronization of emotional responses in the context of collective action, but the mechanisms underpinning this synchrony are unknown. We do not know whether individuals are attuned to the same stimulus; synchronize to those around them; or engage in a more dynamical interaction where each individual syncs to group-level feedback. This is crucial in terms of understanding emotional contagion as well as the role of scale (group size). To answer this question, I will conduct a naturalistic experiment at UConn’s Islamic Center (ICUC), of which I am a member. At ICUC, members regularly perform collective prayers (Salat), in which the crowd, led by a priest (Imam) engages in synchronized bowing and chanting. In this context, I will use wearable sensors to measure emotional arousal, movement, and spatial proximity between participants. This equipment is unobtrusive, and will not interfere with the natural setting of the ritual. Measurements will be obtained from groups of varying sizes.

For analysis, I will obtain a distance matrix between participants and use Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (CRQA) to measure synchrony between all pairs. This will allow me to determine whether people’s emotional responses are primarily attuned to the leader, their nearest neighbors, or to the group properties, such as the average group

Louisa Suting, Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences

Current Research: I recently concluded a pilot study that examined the effectiveness of a novel form of aphasia therapy- based on the principles of attentive reading and constraint summarization. The seven-week virtually administered therapy program was completed by five participants with post-stroke aphasia. The study was a multiple-probe, single-subject design in which each of the five participants served as their own control. Language measures included standardized tests (examining aphasia severity, reading comprehension and production, and functional communication) and spoken and written discourse measures (such as number and percent correct information units). Participants who completed the aphasia treatment demonstrated clinically significant improvement on the standardized tests and improved spoken and written discourse at micro-linguistic and macro-linguistic levels. We also collected Resting-State fMRI data at baseline, two weeks post-treatment, and again at the 5-month post-treatment in all the participants. I presented the preliminary findings of the study at the annual meeting of the Academy of Aphasia. In addition to the improvement in language and discourse measures, we also saw significant improvement in network measures, such as within network coherence in multiple resting state networks. Importantly, we found that the improvements in the coherence of the Language Network positively correlated with improvements in language measures.

Olivia Vanegas, Psychological Sciences

Current Research: My proposed project will assess the efficacy of minor cannabinoids for modulating chronic pain and emotionality. Minor cannabinoids are molecules produced by cannabis that share structural homology with the major cannabinoids THC and CBD. Pain shapes behavior in different ways. Therefore, I will use several different pain modalities (i.e., visceral, neuropathic, and inflammatory) as well as new pain-conditioned and pain-depressed measures, in addition to classic pain-stimulated measures, to guard against false positive analgesic effects. For example, I will use a Thermal Gradient Ring, which produces a range of thermal stimuli to shape stimulus-response relations in real-time, and conditioned place preference, which uses repeated drug/environment pairings to assess more subtle, context-specific pain effects and abuse liability. Although chronic pain, addiction, and psychiatric disorders frequently occur concomitantly in humans, they are often studied individually in experimental animal models. Given the well-established effects of THC on emotionality and preliminary data that minor cannabinoids bind to and activate serotonin receptors, it is likely that some minor cannabinoids also reduce anxiety or depression. Thus, I am training in mouse models of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors to screen select compounds. Overall, my research in the Kinsey lab uses a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the relationship between pain and emotionality.